Barriers of access to primary healthcare services by National Health Insurance Fund capitated members in Uasin Gishu county, Kenya

Abstract

Purpose The study identifies provision of primary healthcare services using the capitated health model as a pre- requisite for promoting positive healthcare outcomes for a country’s population. However, capitated members have

continued to face challenges in accessing primary healthcare services despite enrolment in the National Health Insur- ance Fund (NHIF). This study sought to determine if variables such as patient knowledge of the NHIF benefit package,

NHIF Premium Payment processes, selecting NHIF capitated health facilities, and NHIF Communication to citizens’ influences access to primary healthcare services. Method A cross-sectional analytical research design was adopted. Data was collected from patients who were using NHIF cards, who were drawn from health facilities. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire where some of the questions were rated using the Likert scale to enable the generation of descriptive statistics. Data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics which was conducted with the aid of SPSS version 25. Bivariate analysis was conducted utilizing Chi-square to facilitate the comparison of the independent and the dependent variables. Data was presented in tabular formats where each of the specific objectives was used as parameters of interest to the study. Results The study found that four independent variables (Patient knowledge of NHIF Benefit Package, NHIF Premium Payment processes, Selecting NHIF capitated Health Facility, and NHIF Communication to citizens) were significant predictors of access to capitated healthcare services with significance values of .001, .001, .001 and .001 respectively at 95% significance level. Conclusions The study found that familiarity with the NHIF benefit package significantly influenced NHIF capitated members’ access to primary healthcare services in Uasin Gishu County. While most members were aware of their

healthcare entitlements, there’s a need for increased awareness regarding access to surgical services and depend- ents’ inclusion. Facility selection also played a crucial role, influenced by factors like freedom of choice, NHIF facility

selection rules, facility appearance, and proximity to members’ homes. NHIF communication positively impacted

access, with effective communication channels aiding service accessibility. Premium payment processes also signifi- cantly linked with service access, influenced by factors such as payment procedures, premium awareness, payment

schedules, registration waiting periods, and penalties for defaults. Overall, patient knowledge, NHIF communication, premium payment processes, and facility selection all contributed positively to NHIF capitated members’ access to pri-mary healthcare services in Uasin Gishu County.