Journal Articles

Influence Of Strategy Formulation On Performance Of Water Service Providers In The Lower-Eastern Counties Of Kenya.

2025-09-01T00:00:00Z

Influence Of Strategy Formulation On Performance Of Water Service Providers In The Lower-Eastern Counties Of Kenya. Miriti, Erastus Mwongera; Kihara, Peter; Miluwi, Joshua Kenya's water service providers face significant performance challenges, with Non-Revenue Water exceeding 45% and water coverage at only 60%. These inefficiencies result in annual revenue losses of approximately Kshs 15.8 billion, significantly constraining agricultural productivity in an agriculture-dependent economy. This study examined the influence of strategy formulation on performance of water service providers in the Lower- Eastern counties of Kenya. The study aimed to determine the influence of strategy formulation on performance of water service providers in the Lower-Eastern counties of Kenya. The research was anchored on four complementary theories: Resource Based View theory, which emphasizes strategic application of distinctive organizational resources; Dynamic Capabilities Theory, focusing on adaptive capacity development; Agency Theory, addressing principal-agent relationships in state-owned water resources; and Stakeholder Theory, recognizing diverse interests in water resource management. The study adopted a positivist philosophy using descriptive survey design with mixed-methods approach. The target population comprised 758 staff across ten licensed water service providers. Stratified purposive sampling yielded 183 respondents determined by Yamane's formula. Data collection utilized self-administered questionnaires with pre-testing confirming reliability (Cronbach's Alpha: 0.73-0.86). Analysis employed SPSS Version 21 for descriptive and inferential statistics. Bivariate regression analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between strategy formulation and performance (r = 0.426, p < 0.001). Strategy formulation explained 18.2% of performance variation (R2 = 0.182). The regression equation Y = 2.077 + 0.365X1 + ε demonstrated that each unit increase in strategy formulation resulted in 0.365 unit improvement in performance (β = 0.365, t = 5.771, p < 0.001). The F-statistic (33.302) confirmed model significance. Strategy formulation significantly influences water service provider performance.. Water service providers should establish comprehensive stakeholder engagement frameworks, invest in strategic planning capabilities, implement balanced performance measurement systems, and prioritize research and development investments for sustainable competitive advantage.

Alternative Dispute Resolution Diplomacy and its Impact on National Security, A Case Study on Banditry Attacks in Kenya

2025-05-01T00:00:00Z

Alternative Dispute Resolution Diplomacy and its Impact on National Security, A Case Study on Banditry Attacks in Kenya Mutuma, Lillian Kagwiria; Riungu, Festus; Miluwi, Joshua Communal conflict has been a global challenge that has hampered state of national security in many countries across the globe and SubSaharan has been mostly affected. In Kenya, communal conflicts has been a great threat to peace and stability, the Kenyan government has therefore invested a lot of resources to mitigate the problem. The wave of banditry attacks have spread recently to other neighbouring counties, Meru County and in particular the Igembe region being the most recent county to suffer from this wave. The aim of this study is to assess the influence of alternative dispute resolution, as a diplomatic avenue of enhancing national security. The study specifically investigate the influence of mediation, negotiation, conciliation and traditional dispute resolution mechanism in resolving banditry in the Igembe north subcounty of Meru County. The study was underpinned by theory of conflict, process of pluralism theory and the general theory on conflict and dispute. The study adopted mixed research methods where qualitative and quantitative results were triangulated. The study engaged national administration officers, religious leaders and village elders at the location level in the subcounty, thus census was appropriate as members from each location was represented by selected leaders. The study collected primary data using open ended questionnaire. The study undertook pilot from a selected location in the subcounty to test reliability and validity of research instuments. Data was analyzed using SPSS software and generated in form of descriptive and inferential statistics. Negotiations findings significantly affected national security enhancement. Conciliatory mechanisms has positive and significant effect on enhancing national security, focus on banditry attacks in Igembe North subcounty. Traditional dispute resolution has a positive and significant effect on enhancing national security, focus on banditry attacks in Igembe North Subcounty. The study concluded that mediation process and principles are fundamental in realizing cohesive society. The traditional dispute resolution provide homegrown solutions that is paramount in resolving conflict attributed to banditry attacks. The study recommended strengthening policy and legislation framework to harmonize the existing formal regulation to collaborate with this mechanism.

Effect of liquidity risk on financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya.

2024-08-01T00:00:00Z

Effect of liquidity risk on financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya. Nyagah, Derebina; Kithinji, Moses; Mutegi, Doreen The objective of the study was to assess the effect of liquidity risk on financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya. The theory reviewed was the pecking order theory. The study adopted descriptive research. The target population was 47 senior management, 128 middle management and 303 lower management employees working in the Commercial Banks’ headquarters in Nairobi. The study used stratified sampling technique. To learn more about the interest rate drivers and financial performance of commercial banks, the study used primary data. The reliability and validity of the study tools were examined using a pilot group of 22 participants. With the use of descriptive statistics like means, medians, standard deviations, and proportions, as well as the response rate, quantitative, data was evaluated using SPSS version 28, the statistical tool for the social sciences. To find out what mathematical model revealed the association between variables, multiple linear regression analysis was performed. It is common practice to conduct parametric tests that make assumptions about the data. The study showed that the independent objective namely liquidity risk, positively influenced financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya. The following recommendations were made; enhance liquidity management and strengthen regulatory frameworks for liquidity.

Asset liability management and financial performance of microfinance banks in Nairobi County.

2025-05-01T00:00:00Z

Asset liability management and financial performance of microfinance banks in Nairobi County. Otieno, Beryl Akoth; Kithinji, Moses; Miluwi, Joshua This study investigated the effect of asset liability management on the financial performance of Microfinance Banks in Nairobi County, Kenya. The study was guided by Liquidity Preference Theory. Adopting a descriptive correlational research design, the study targeted senior managers, financial analysts, credit officers, and internal audit personnel from large, medium, and small MFBs in Nairobi County. Stratified random sampling ensured representativeness across these categories, while data collection combined structured questionnaires and secondary data sheets. Analytical methods included both descriptive and inferential statistical tools, with SPSS version 29 utilized for robust data processing and hypothesis testing. The findings revealed a significant positive relationship between asset-liability management and financial performance, demonstrating the criticality of aligning assets with liabilities to mitigate risks. The study underscores the importance of tailored asset liability management for enhancing financial sustainability in the microfinance sector. The study recommended that microfinance banks strengthen asset liability using advanced tools and dynamic forecasting. Future research could investigate how incorporating machine learning and blockchain into asset management affects financial performance. Additionally, research could examine the long-term impact of macroeconomic factors (inflation, interest rates) on asset management strategies and the influence of ESG factors on these practices, considering the growing importance of sustainable finance.

Effect of online billing process on revenue collection performance of county government of Kajiado.

2025-09-01T00:00:00Z

Effect of online billing process on revenue collection performance of county government of Kajiado. Saigilu, Jonathan Rayiani; Kithinji, Moses Muriuki; Mutegi, Doreen This study examined the effect of online billing process on revenue collection performance in the County Government of Kajiado. Guided by the Optimal Tax Theory, the study employed a descriptive research design to investigate the relationship between the independent variable and revenue collection performance. The study targeted 195 respondents, including Executive Committee Members, Finance Personnel, and Revenue Officers, using stratified sampling to ensure representation. Data was collected through structured questionnaires, validated through pilot testing, and analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistical methods. The findings revealed that online billing had substantial influence on revenue collection performance in the County Government of Kajiado, demonstrating its importance in ensuring accurate billing and effective taxpayer engagement. Correlation analysis further supported these findings, with strong positive relationships between online billing system and revenue collection performance. The results indicated that improving online billing systems can significantly enhance revenue collection by reducing inefficiencies, increasing transparency, and fostering taxpayer compliance. The study concluded that adopting and optimizing online billing systems is critical for achieving better revenue collection performance in county governments. The study recommended strengthening the online billing through continuous technological upgrades and robust taxpayer engagement mechanisms. Future research could explore the long-term impacts of electronic payment systems, their scalability, and inter-county comparisons to identify best practices. This study provided actionable insights for county governments aiming to improve revenue collection efficiency through digital transformation.

Influence of educational attainment on women's participation in politics in Baidoa, Somalia.

2025-04-01T00:00:00Z

Influence of educational attainment on women's participation in politics in Baidoa, Somalia. Mohamed, Abdimajid Ali; Riungu, Festus Kinyua,; Ochieng, Fredrick This study examined the influence of educational attainment on women's political participation in Baidoa, Somalia, where women face significant barriers to political engagement despite national and international calls for greater inclusion. In Somalia's patriarchal society, with its complex clan-based politics, women's representation in governance remains below 25%, with even lower rates in rural and conflict-affected regions like Baidoa. Educational disparities compound these challenges, with women disproportionately underrepresented in both primary and secondary education. Using a descriptive research design that integrated qualitative and quantitative approaches, the study collected data from 86 respondents including voters, political leaders, community leaders, and local authority representatives. Data was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics, with regression analysis revealing a strong positive relationship between educational attainment and women's political participation (β = 0.421, p = 0.000). The findings indicated that education serves as a catalyst for breaking down barriers to women's political participation (mean = 4.2674) and empowers women to engage confidently in political activities (mean = 4.419). Educational attainment explains approximately 69.5% of variation in women's political participation (R² = 0.695), suggesting its critical role in equipping women with the necessary skills, confidence, and awareness to effectively engage in politics. The study recommended increasing women's access to quality education in Baidoa, particularly in rural areas, implementing policies to remove barriers to education for women, and conducting community awareness campaigns to challenge socio-cultural norms that hinder women's political participation.

Impact of short-term debt-asset ratio on the financial performance of commercial banks.

2024-07-01T00:00:00Z

Impact of short-term debt-asset ratio on the financial performance of commercial banks. Dador, Maria Clement Jul; Githinji, Moses; Miluwi, Joshua This study investigated the impact of short-term debt-asset ratio on the financial performance of commercial banks. Descriptive research design allowed the researcher to collect data that describes the debt financing practices. The target population were commercial banks and in particular, 43 commercial banks domiciled in Nairobi County and have been in operation from 2004 – 2022. The study employed census due to the relatively small size of the population. Secondary data was utilized, which was acquired from the annual financial statements and reports published by the 43 commercial banks listed annually. The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) software version 23. Descriptive statistics, such as frequency distribution tables, percentages, and pie charts, was used to analyze the quantitative data. Pearson Correlation Analyses was utilized to investigate the relationship between the independent variable of banks' debt financing and the dependent variable of banks' financial performance. Furthermore, linear regression was employed to examine the dimension of the independent variable and the dependent variable. It was found that short-term debt-asset ratio was satisfactory (M=3.54, SD = 1.19), and financial performance (M=3.28, SD = 1.28). The study recommended that Commercial banks in Nairobi County Kenya should continuously formulate measures that sustain their accounts payables because this will lead to increased returns on assets.

Strategy control influences the performance of textile firms under AGOA.

2025-09-01T00:00:00Z

Strategy control influences the performance of textile firms under AGOA. Ithili, James Kimathi; Kihara, Peter; Mbithi, Mary The African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA), enacted on May 18, 2000, as Title One of the Trade and Development Act of 2000, was designed to offer sub-Saharan African nations, particularly those enacting economic reforms, preferential access to U.S. markets. The act aimed to enhance trade relations by granting more favorable market access than that offered to other regions without free trade agreements. In 2015, AGOA was extended for 10 more years by President Obama, affecting 49 eligible African countries through the Extension and Enhancement of AGOA Act, signed on June 29, 2015. This study evaluated how strategy control influences the performance of textile firms under AGOA. Data collection involved closed-ended questionnaires, pilot-tested for validity and reliability, representing 10.5% of the target population. Ethical clearance and necessary permits were obtained. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 24. Strategy Control: A positive and significant relationship with performance was observed (r=0.822, p<0.05), implying that effective strategy control measures are linked to improved performance. The recommendations focus on cultivating proactive foresight and developing agile, adaptable strategies to manage external uncertainties, particularly regarding the future of the AGOA agreement. Firms are also advised to address the implementation gap by focusing on resource mobilization, training, and strategic partnerships, as well as enhancing strategic control through data-driven decision-making and quality management. For policy considerations, the study recommends that the Kenyan government intensify lobbying for AGOA's extension or pursue alternative trade agreements to diversify market access. Additionally, policymakers should support the textile sector by developing local supply chains and implementing policies to reduce production costs, such as addressing high electricity costs.

Human Resource Factors and Their Influence on Performance in Public Health Facilities in Kericho County, Kenya

2025-07-01T00:00:00Z

Human Resource Factors and Their Influence on Performance in Public Health Facilities in Kericho County, Kenya Jacob, Agnes Kiende; Muema, Muema; Munga, Jane Effective human resource management is critical to the performance of public health facilities, especially in low- and middle-income countries. This study examined the influence of human resources on performance in selected public health facilities in Kericho County, Kenya. A cross-sectional descriptive research design was adopted, and data were collected from 159 respondents including healthcare workers and facility administrators. Stratified random sampling ensured representation across facility types. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS Version 27. Descriptive statistics and linear regression were used to establish the nature and strength of the relationship between human resource factors and facility performance. Results showed a statistically significant positive relationship between human resource practices and health facility performance (β = 0.472, p < 0.001). Key predictors included staff motivation, continuous professional development, job satisfaction, and staffing adequacy. The study concluded that investment in human capital significantly enhances service delivery. Recommendations include targeted training, better staff retention policies, and embedding performance-based management systems in public health institutions.

Effect of E-Recruitment on Employee Performance: A Case of Kajiado County Government

2024-09-01T00:00:00Z

Effect of E-Recruitment on Employee Performance: A Case of Kajiado County Government Ronkoine, Pauline Sopilal; Nzioki, Susan; Kiama, Michael The widespread use of information systems in a variety of activities and departments for organizational competitive advantage and success has been aided by businesses' widespread acceptance of technology. Despite this, the Kajiado county government has been facing inadequate service delivery, which is exacerbated by personnel performance that falls short of deadlines or timeframes in reaching targets. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of e-recruitment on employee performance in Kenya's Kajiado County Government. The technological acceptability model supported the study. Methodology: This study utilized a descriptive research design. A total of 1689 employees, including supervisors and unionized workers, were part of the study's target demographic. A sample size of 313 was chosen by stratified random sampling. Questionnaires were used to compile data. Quantitative data was analyzed using thematic analysis, while qualitative data was analyzed using statistical analysis. The data was analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Regression of coefficients showed that e-recruitment had a positive and significant effect on employee performance in Kajiado county (β=0.287, p=0.000). Conclusion: The study concluded that e-recruitment had a positive and significant effect on employee performance in Kajiado County. The government of Kenya should encourage all the counties to embrace the e-recruitment process. This is because e-recruitment minimizes paperwork recruitment and also minimizes costs. Counties should also use digital databases for their employees to minimize forgery and also for easier tracking of the applicants.